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Saturday, May 4, 2013

Sun erupts with superheated plasma

The sun fired off super-hot plasma in a dazzling eruption, captured by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory.

By Mai Ng?c Ch?u,?Contributor / May 2, 2013

A coronal mass ejection (CME) erupted from just around the edge of the sun on May 1, 2013, in a gigantic rolling wave. CMEs can shoot over a billion tons of particles into space at over a million miles per hour. This CME occurred on the sun's limb and is not headed toward Earth. The video, taken in extreme ultraviolet light by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), covers about two and a half hours.

Superheated plasma bursted from the sun's edge on May 1 in a gigantic rolling wave, said NASA, which published a?dazzling video?captured by its sun-watching spacecraft.

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This solar eruption is known as a coronal mass ejection, or?CME, a kind of solar storm on the sun's outer atmosphere?that can send electrically charged particles into space. When a CME explodes in our direction, it usually takes three days to arrive. CMEs can occur simultaneously with solar?flares, another kind of sun storm involved in releasing energy associated with sunspots.

A large CME can discharge?a billion tons of particles into space at several million miles per hour.?Solar matter gushes out through the interplanetary medium, hitting any planet or spacecraft along its way.?

Like solar flares, CMEs, when directed at the Earth, can generate a space weather event called a geomagnetic storm, which occurs when they interact with the Earth's magnetic envelope for an extended period of time. CMEs at this intensity are unlikely to disrupt electrical systems on the Earth or interfere with GPS or satellite-based communications systems. But they may cause auroras near the poles.

The most powerful Earth-directed CMEs can also imperil astronauts and satellites in?orbit, and they can even damage ground-based power infrastructure.

The latest CME, however, took?place on the edge of the sun and didn't point at the Earth, said agency officials. The video,?taken in extreme ultraviolet light by NASA?s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), shows that the sun's surface emitted a shimmering wave of plasma that splashed into open space. The event lasted two and a half hours.

Launched in 2010, the $850 million SDO satellite has provided detailed views of solar flares, CMEs, and other space weather events?in different wavelengths, including the extreme ultraviolet range of the light spectrum used to make the May 1 solar eruption video.

Wednesday's solar explosion was another indication that the sun is reaching the peak of its cycle, which lasts about 11 years. On April 12, the SDO observed an Earth-directed CME, preceded by?the most energetic?solar flare of the year.?

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration experts have predicted that the solar maximum is likely to?occur this May.?

"But what we?ve come to find is the activity has really toned down over the last couple months," said Alex Young at NASA's?Goddard?Space Flight Center?in a NASA's podcast?on Wednesday. "We reached really the peak towards the end of 2011."

Because many of the previous solar cycles actually had two peaks, he believed that another solar maximum is going to happen.

"We?ve reached one of those humps and think that eventually the activity will pick back up and we?ll see another hump, a double hump solar maximum," Young said.

Do scientists expect a huge solar storm in 2013? On its website, NASA says that?no current observations or data?indicate an imminent solar?catastrophe. Scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/science/~3/HqtGCooxJgA/Sun-erupts-with-superheated-plasma

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EPA: Poisoning the Largest Remaining Salmon Run Is Not a Great Idea

Mining companies that have their sights set on copper and gold deposits worth half a trillion dollars in southwest Alaska received more bad news on Friday, April 26. The Environmental Protection Agency said the development of the proposed Pebble Mine there would destroy nearly 100 miles of streams and up to 4,800 acres of wetlands.

The toxic waste would outlive every one of us, and may last forever.?

The EPA?s revised draft assessment, which considered independent scientific review as well as 233,000 public comments, found that Pebble Mine would devastate the natural habitat of the 37.5 million sockeye salmon that spawn annually in the Bristol Bay watershed?the largest remaining wild salmon population on the planet.?

Fishermen, environmentalists, and Native communities in Alaska are largely united in opposition to the mine, citing the sustainable salmon fishery in Bristol Bay that generates 480 million in annual economic impact and supports 14,000 fishing and processing jobs.

Objections to the mine were so strong that in 2010, nine tribal governments based in Bristol Bay petitioned the EPA to halt the project even before mine developers submitted official permit applications, according to the Mining Journal.

Canadian-based Northern Dynasty Ltd and Anglo-American PLC, a British mining company, hold the mineral rights to Pebble through a joint venture called the Pebble Partnership, which hopes to extract billions of tons of raw ore from a proposed 2-mile long, 2,000-foot deep hole?what would become the largest open-pit mine in the world.?

In the process, the mine would produce 10 billion tons of contaminated waste. In its revised assessment, the EPA expressed concern about the massive amount of waste, stating that it would ?require management over centuries or even in perpetuity.? In other words, the toxic waste would outlive every one of us, and may last forever.?

The EPA?s revised draft assessment comes seven months after a panel of 12 independent scientists found that the EPA had underestimated the risks associated with the development of the mine on Alaskan lands and wildlife in the agency?s initial assessment.

At the time, scientists expressed dismay at the proposal?s shortsightedness. ?Some irony exists as one considers the trade-off between salmon and this mining operation (and make no mistake, we cannot have both mining and productive salmon stocks in the Bristol Bay watershed),? Dr. Roy Stein, of Ohio State University, and chair of the EPA?s independent review panel, wrote in the peer review document. ??

?We are trading sustainable salmon stocks that, with science-driven management, rigorous regulatory oversight, and limited exploitation, should provide salmon literally 1000s of years into the future against the development of a mine that will provide minerals in the relative short term (within 25 to 78 years).? ??

After the EPA released its revisions on Friday, fishermen in Bristol Bay celebrated the findings. "The EPA's assessment basically dots the i's and crosses the t's of what we've known all along," said Brett Verhuseen, a commercial fisherman in Bristol Bay. "The science shows unequivocally that the Pebble Mine will cause adverse habitat impacts on salmon, which will affect our commercial fisheries downstream," Verhuseen told TakePart.

But a chorus of industry voices and mining-friendly legislators denounced the assessment.?

Pebble Partnership CEO John Shively wrote that ?the EPA has not changed its deeply flawed approach of creating and evaluating a completely hypothetical mine plan, instead of waiting until a real, detailed mine plan is submitted to regulators as part of a complete permit application.??

Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska) echoed Shively?s statement. ?Attempts to prejudge any mining project before the full details of that proposal are submitted to the EPA for review is unacceptable,? she said on Friday in a statement.?

The EPA?s draft assessment on Pebble Mine is now open for public comment through May 31. All comments will be reviewed and another independent scientific review conducted before the EPA finalizes its assessment, likely by the end of this year. When completed, the document will be used to determine whether to issue a permit allowing the mine to open for business. ?

"I would implore people to make a comment. During the last watershed assessment, we generated close to a quarter million comments. That's an unprecedented number, and almost 94 percent of those comments filed thanked the EPA for saving Bristol Bay," Verhuseen said. "We're aiming this go round to get up to half a million."

Related Stories on TakePart:

??Are We Prepared to Accept the Risks of a Four-Degree Warming?

??Starvation Diet: Climate Change Takes Bite Out of the Giant Pandas? Food Supply

??Op-Ed: Expanding on the Moral Logic of Climate Communication

Alison Fairbrother is the director of the nonpartisan Public Trust Project, which investigates and reports on misrepresentations of science by corporations and government. She has written for the Washington Monthly, the Washington Spectator, Grist, and Politics Daily, among others. Alison is based in Washington DC. @adfairbrother | TakePart.com

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/epa-poisoning-largest-remaining-salmon-run-not-great-113029047.html

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Friday, May 3, 2013

No need to accommodate when absence goes beyond all available ...

You have probably read that once a disabled employee has exhausted his FMLA and other sick leave, you should still consider offering a brief leave extension as a reasonable accommodation. That?s true to a point.

However, once you have allowed additional leave and the employee still isn?t cleared to return to work, it may be time to terminate him despite his disability.

Recent case: Horace, a custodian for the Fresno school system, developed several health problems, and used up all his paid and unpaid leave. His doctors told him he would be off for many months. Because he needed to work just 30 more days before he was eligible to retire, the school system invited Horace back.

However, the very next day, he had a stroke. Lacking any more leave, he was terminated.

Horace sued, alleging disability discrimination. He claimed he should have been accommodated with a few more weeks of leave, presumably so he could retire.

The court dismissed his lawsuit. It reasoned that, because Horace?s stroke left him unable to work for an indefinite period, he wasn?t a qualified disabled individual under the ADA. Plus, the school system had already provided more time off than it was legally required to. No accommodation was due. (Brown v. Fresno Unified School District, No. 1:12-CV-01597, ED CA, 2013)

Final note: For more on this case, see "Court: Only employee?not his spouse?can sue for disability discrimination."

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History is made high above New York City

May 1 (Reuters) - Post position for Saturday's 139th Kentucky Derby at Churchill Downs after Wednesday's draw (listed as barrier, HORSE, jockey, trainer) 1. BLACK ONYX, Joe Bravo, Kelly Breen 2. OXBOW, Gary Stevens, D. Wayne Lukas 3. REVOLUTIONARY, Calvin Borel, Todd Pletcher 4. GOLDEN SOUL, Robby Albarado, Dallas Stewart 5. NORMANDY INVASION, Javier Castellano, Chad Brown 6. MYLUTE, Rosie Napravnik, Tom Amoss 7. GIANT FINISH, Jose Espinoza, Tony Dutrow 8. GOLDENCENTS, Kevin Krigger, Doug O'Neill 9. OVERANALYZE, Rafael Bejarano, Todd Pletcher 10. PALACE MALICE, Mike Smith, Todd Pletcher 11. ...

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/us-flag-covered-spire-hoisted-nys-wtc-roof-155823396.html

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Fax Sending Issue - Elastix Forums :: Open Source Unified ...

Hey,

Using Elastix 2.4.

I am able to receive faxes on the Virtual Fax module provided with Elastix.

When I am trying to send faxes its gives me the error: [S] No answer from remote

I checked the dial route by logging in to the same IAX extension from a softphone, and I can dial properly without any problems.

Any hints or suggestions. I tried configuring:

/etc/inittab added: iax1:2345:respawn:/usr/sbin/iaxmodem ttyIAX1

THanks

Source: http://www.elastix.org/index.php/en/component/kunena/25-newbies-corner-/121106-fax-sending-issue.html

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Thursday, May 2, 2013

How gadgets, chips, services companies are faring

Companies providing gadgets, components, services and related software have begun releasing their earnings reports for the latest quarter. The reports come as consumers shift their spending toward phone and tablets and away from traditional PCs. Here's a look at how selected companies are faring.

? April 5: Estimates from Samsung Electronics Co. show that operating profit for the first quarter grew 53 percent from a year earlier to 8.7 trillion won ($7.7 billion), outpacing expectations for what's normally a slow time for consumer electronics sales. Revenue grew 15 percent to 52 trillion won. Analysts say Samsung benefited from smartphone sales and shortages in memory chips for personal computers.

? April 10: Research firms IDC and Gartner release reports showing unprecedented declines in sales of desktop and laptop machines during the first three months of the year. IDC says first-quarter shipments of PCs fell 14 percent worldwide from a year earlier. That's the deepest quarterly drop since the firm started tracking the industry in 1994. Another research firm, Gartner Inc., pegged the first-quarter decline at 11 percent. IDC Vice President Bob O'Donnell says Microsoft's release on Windows 8 in October "not only didn't provide a positive boost to the PC market, but appears to have slowed the market.

? April 16: Intel Corp, the world's largest maker of chips for PCs, remains steadfast amid the drastic slowdown in computer sales. It says it's keeping its sales and margin forecasts for this year. The company is helped by rising shipments of chips for servers. Intel says it shipped 7 percent fewer PC chips compared with a year earlier, but 6 percent more server chips. Intel meets analyst forecasts for the just-ended quarter.

? April 18: Microsoft Corp. says revenue and net income surged in the latest quarter, but much the gains were due to the recognition of sales that occurred before the launch of the latest versions of Windows and Office. Microsoft's Windows division reports a 23 percent increase in revenue to $5.7 billion, but adjusting for the deferred revenue, revenue was flat.

IBM Corp. says first-quarter net income fell 1 percent due to delays in closing several large software and mainframe computer deals. IBM is seen as a good gauge of technology demand because it sells to major companies and governments around the world. That said, it's not immune from economic uncertainty and currency fluctuations, which showed in the quarter's results. IBM says weakness in the Japanese yen hurt the quarter's results. A weak yen translates to fewer dollars for IBM on sales in Japan.

Nokia Corp.'s earnings report shows that it continues to take a hammering in the smartphone market, with revenue falling by 20 percent to 5.8 billion euros ($7.6 billion) in the first three months of the year. Mobile phone sales volumes fell across the globe ? especially in China, which saw a 60 percent drop. The number of smartphones sold dropped 49 percent to 6.1 million units. Sales of other phones fell 21 percent to 55.8 million.

? April 23: Apple Inc. says it will distribute $100 billion in cash to its shareholders by the end of 2015. At the same time, the company says revenue for the current quarter could fall from the year before, which would be the first decline in many years. Apple CEO Tim Cook also suggests that the company won't release any new products until the fall, contrary to expectations that there would be a new iPhone and iPads out this summer. Apple shipped 37.4 million iPhones in the latest quarter, up 7 percent from a year ago. It shipped 19.5 million iPads, up 65 percent. Mac sales were flat at about 4 million.

? April 24: Chipmaker Qualcomm Inc. reports quarterly earnings and forecast that fall in line with analyst estimates. But that disappoints investors spoiled by the company's recent run of success as the growing popularity of smartphones fueled the demand for its mobile microprocessors. Although smartphone sales are still climbing, Qualcomm is now facing fiercer competition from other chip makers, including Intel, which has been redesigning its microprocessors in an attempt to grab a bigger piece of the mobile computing market.

Data storage equipment maker EMC Corp. reports a small decline in its first-quarter net income. The results fall short of Wall Street's expectations as the pace of its revenue growth continued to slow. CEO Joseph Tucci says EMC's customers remain cautious about technology spending because of the "continuing tide of political and economic uncertainties."

? April 26: Samsung says its first-quarter profit jumped to a record high as smartphone sales remained strong despite the April launch of an updated version of its flagship Galaxy phone. Sales of consumer electronics usually slow down in the quarter after the holiday shopping season, an effect that analysts thought would be compounded by people waiting for the release of the Galaxy S4. Samsung says sales of the older Galaxy S III smartphone and the oversized handset called the Galaxy Note remained strong.

Coming up:

? May 2: HTC Corp.

? May 9: Sony Corp.

? May 21: Hewlett-Packard Co., Dell Inc.

? June 28: Research in Motion Ltd.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/gadgets-chips-services-companies-faring-213424988.html

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How astronomy solved a Civil War mystery

Why did Confederate troops shoot their own general, 'Stonewall' Jackson? The position of the moon played a big role, an astronomer discovers.

By Clara Moskowitz,?Space.com / May 2, 2013

Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson is shown here in a photograph historians date to April 1863, just a few weeks before the Battle of Chancellorsville.

From the collection of Donald Olson

Enlarge

Thanks to astronomy, the 19th century mystery surrounding the death of Confederate general "Stonewall" Jackson during the Civil War may finally be solved.

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Lieutenant General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson was a major?figure in the Civil War, second in command to Confederate general Robert E. Lee, when he was shot by friendly fire during the Battle of Chancellorsvilleon May 2, 1863. Shortly after that battle in northeastern Virginia, Jackson died of his wounds, leaving the Confederate army without one of its boldest military strategists just two months before the pivotal Battle of Gettysburg.

But exactly how Jackson's own troops could have mistaken him for the enemy has been unexplained until now. [Astronomy Detectives Solve Civil War Mystery (Photos)]

Famous "flank attack"

Firsthand accounts of the Chancellorsville battle describe how Jackson kept his troops fighting into the night ? a rarity at the time. That same day he had accomplished a major victory, squashing the Union's Twelfth Corps in a famous "flank attack." When the sun set that night and the sky darkened, Jackson pressed on, continuing the fighting by moonlight. It was then that a Confederate officer on the left wing of the 18th North Carolina regiment spotted Jackson and a group of riders coming toward him.

Mistaking his commander for advancing enemies, Major John Barry ordered his troops to fire. Jackson was hit with bullets in his right wrist and left arm, which had to be amputated, and died of complications from pneumonia eight days later.

Hi death has been described as a blow of bad luck, and Barry reportedly "felt extreme guilt over giving the command to fire," according to historian James Gillispie's book "Cape Fear Confederates" (McFarland, 2012).

But now, astronomers say they know why Barry couldn't identify his commander ? it's all because of?the moon. Astronomer Don Olson of Texas State University and Laurie E. Jasinski, a researcher and editor at the Texas State Historical Association, report their findings in the May 2013 issue of?Sky & Telescope?magazine.

Space sleuths

"I remembered reading long ago that Stonewall Jackson was wounded by 'friendly fire' and that it happened at night," Olson told SPACE.com in an email.?Olson decided to pursue the mystery on the occasion of the?battle's 150th anniversary.

Olson and Jasinski calculated the moon's position and the?lunar phase?using astronomical software, and figured out exactly where Jackson's party, as well as the 18th North Carolina regiment, would have been at the time of the shooting, around 9 p.m. that night. They used Confederate almanacs in Richmond at the Virginia Historical Society, as well as battle maps by Robert Krick, a military historian who is an expert on the Battle of Chancellorsville, Stonewall Jackson and the Civil War in Virginia.

"Once we calculated the?compass direction of the moon and compared that to the detailed battle maps published by Robert Krick, it quickly became obvious?how?Stonewall Jackson would have been seen as a dark silhouette, from the point of view of the 18th North Carolina regiment," Olson said.

Historical mysteries

Olson has?used astronomy to solve other historical whodunits?before. For example, he calculated the direction of moonlight on the night of Paul Revere's ride in 1775 to explain why Revere wasn't spotted by British sentries on a nearby ship, and exposed how moonlight allowed soldiers on the Japanese I-58 submarine to see, and sink, the USS Indianapolis in 1945.

"We are always interested in any historical event that happened at night ? very often, the moon plays an important role, as happened here," Olson said.

This latest discovery may help restore the reputation of Barry and the 18th North Carolina regiment, which "unfortunately became famous and best known for accidentally wounding Stonewall Jackson,"Gillispie wrote.

Jackson's death was mourned not just by his troops and fellow generals, but by the civilian public in the South. He is still regarded as one of the greatest military tacticians in U.S. history, and he earned his famous nickname for leading his troops to stand against attackers like a stone wall.

Without a trick of the moonlight on that fateful night, Jackson may not have died, and historians debate whether the outcome of the Battle of Gettysburg, or even the whole Civil War, would have been different.

Follow Clara Moskowitz on?Twitter?and?Google+. Follow us?@Spacedotcom,?Facebookand?Google+. Original article on?SPACE.com.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/science/~3/Davx4zGyxFk/How-astronomy-solved-a-Civil-War-mystery

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